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22 KiB
22 KiB
docker常用命令
docker version 版本信息
docker info 详细信息
docker 命令 -help 帮助命令
docker帮助文档
链接：
镜像命令
docker images 查看本地镜像
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
portainer/portainer-ce latest 0c03664af9ed 4 weeks ago 308MB
hello-world latest d2c94e258dcb 20 months ago 13.3kB
仓库源 仓库的标签 镜像的id 镜像创建时间 镜像大小
-a, --all Show all images
-q, --quiet Only show image IDs
docker search 搜索网络镜像
国内墙了、
通过ziti访问
docker pull 下载镜像
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest
可选：
加上 ：tag 版本
-----------------------------------------------
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest#不写版本，默认最新版
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
2c0a233485c3: Pull complete #分层下载，docker iamge的核心 联合文件系统
cb5a6a8519b2: Pull complete
570d30cf82c5: Pull complete
a841bff36f3c: Pull complete
80ba30c57782: Pull complete
5e49e1f26961: Pull complete
ced670fc7f1c: Pull complete
0b9dc7ad7f03: Pull complete
cd0d5df9937b: Pull complete
1f87d67b89c6: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:0255b469f0135a0236d672d60e3154ae2f4538b146744966d96440318cc822c6#签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest#真实地址
#制定版本下载
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
20e4dcae4c69: Pull complete
1c56c3d4ce74: Pull complete
e9f03a1c24ce: Pull complete
68c3898c2015: Pull complete
6b95a940e7b6: Pull complete
90986bb8de6e: Pull complete
ae71319cb779: Pull complete
ffc89e9dfd88: Pull complete
43d05e938198: Pull complete
064b2d298fba: Pull complete
df9a4d85569b: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:4bc6bc963e6d8443453676cae56536f4b8156d78bae03c0145cbe47c2aad73bb
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
#分层下载中相同层可以复用
docker rmi 删除镜像
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker rmi -f mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:4bc6bc963e6d8443453676cae56536f4b8156d78bae03c0145cbe47c2aad73bb
Deleted: sha256:5107333e08a87b836d48ff7528b1e84b9c86781cc9f1748bbc1b8c42a870d933
Deleted: sha256:37fd5f1492d4e9cb540c52c26655f220568050438f804275e886200c8807ffb4
Deleted: sha256:1105a50d3483cb9f970e70cf5163e3352f0b2fe2ff07c6abcca6f34228e76dc5
Deleted: sha256:94187496c18bb11b78e71017f2774ad3c0a734da9749a46e917c4239504e9322
Deleted: sha256:ae59716eae3be604a4fd43e86fd2ad504cb06c89cc064c73c78eee651e675805
Deleted: sha256:97d26ca29ec287ff4bd09a49602c44cbcabcf3303ddc726b3b94cbe26dfe1c94
Deleted: sha256:27303974d12144264b32b8936ca7c90d72bdba939a9e791010201b3b1717c4c4
Deleted: sha256:4d4483f06dbe01282c10cb9e429a0be826c18c61048f7860dad49ae7f6bac927
Deleted: sha256:3b73a6f6b3298c568dcfb8fa5e96c581a1b5c0ad395b0c38f9addd0c79703124
Deleted: sha256:46446bf265a411a4a13a4adc86f60c9e0479a2e03273c98cafab7bc4151dd2bc
Deleted: sha256:1d5264146b09a27a8fc6801dc239a4962582ed27dd2fbd8ee708463a1857b06b
Deleted: sha256:cff044e186247f93aa52554c96d77143cc92f99b2b55914038d0941fddeb6623
# docker rmi -f 多个容器id
# docker rmi -f $(docker images -a) 删除全部
容器命令
有镜像才能有容器
例如：
下载一个centos镜像来测试
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
a1d0c7532777: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
#参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字 同来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-P 随机指定端口
启动并进入容器测试
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@297d9cb6d962 /]# ls
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
#退出命令
[root@297d9cb6d962 /]# exit
exit
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ ls
公共的 视频 文档 音乐 backups01 NginxLearn snap
模板 图片 下载 桌面 log q 'Sunlogin Files'
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$
列出在运行的容器命令
-a 会带出历史运行过的所有容器
-n=? 显示多少个容器
-q 只显示容器的编号
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
297d9cb6d962 centos "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 57 seconds ago sharp_ardinghelli
e5f7036a4b66 portainer/portainer-ce:latest "/portainer" 19 hours ago Up 3 hours 8000/tcp, 9443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp, :::9000->9000/tcp blissful_payne
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e5f7036a4b66 portainer/portainer-ce:latest "/portainer" 19 hours ago Up 3 hours 8000/tcp, 9443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp, :::9000->9000/tcp blissful_payne
退出容器
exit #停止并退出
ctrl+P+Q #不停止退出
删除容器
docker rm 容器id
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) 删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q |xargs docker rm 删除所有容器
启动和停止容器操作
docker start id 启动
docker restart id 重启
docker stop id 停止
docker kill id 杀死
常用的其他命令
后台启动容器
# 命令 docker run -d centos
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker run -d centos
f682fa6dcf219cb0a922b9f143cfe247540d5db38c529b0d14a00daa5f9225da
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e5f7036a4b66 portainer/portainer-ce:latest "/portainer" 20 hours ago Up 3 hours 8000/tcp, 9443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp, :::9000->9000/tcp blissful_payne
# 问题docker ps，发现centos停止了
#坑 docker容器后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker没有发现应用，就会自动停止eg无服务的nginx
查看日志
docker logs
-f
-t
一般都加上
docker logs -f -t --tail
eg
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo lejings;sleep 1;done"
27077792d72032803ed79a74141b760182e0c5708797404202cb3360a26d1a56
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
27077792d720 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds nervous_aryabhata
e5f7036a4b66 portainer/portainer-ce:latest "/portainer" 20 hours ago Up 4 hours 8000/tcp, 9443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp, :::9000->9000/tcp blissful_payne
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker logs -tf --tail 10 27077792d720
2025-01-19T04:01:51.026673577Z lejings
2025-01-19T04:01:52.029524593Z lejings
2025-01-19T04:01:53.032214090Z lejings
2025-01-19T04:01:54.036061600Z lejings
2025-01-19T04:01:55.041148641Z lejings
2025-01-19T04:01:56.045207647Z lejings
2025-01-19T04:01:57.046315804Z lejings
2025-01-19T04:01:58.049623446Z lejings
查看容器中进程信息
# top命令
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker top 27077792d720
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 64479 64454 0 11:59 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo lejings;sleep 1;done
查看镜像的元数据
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker inspect 27077792d720
[
{
"Id": "27077792d72032803ed79a74141b760182e0c5708797404202cb3360a26d1a56",
"Created": "2025-01-19T03:59:39.128785938Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo lejings;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 64479,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2025-01-19T03:59:39.335663808Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/27077792d72032803ed79a74141b760182e0c5708797404202cb3360a26d1a56/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/27077792d72032803ed79a74141b760182e0c5708797404202cb3360a26d1a56/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/27077792d72032803ed79a74141b760182e0c5708797404202cb3360a26d1a56/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/27077792d72032803ed79a74141b760182e0c5708797404202cb3360a26d1a56/27077792d72032803ed79a74141b760182e0c5708797404202cb3360a26d1a56-json.log",
"Name": "/nervous_aryabhata",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "docker-default",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "bridge",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"ConsoleSize": [
26,
112
],
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "private",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": [],
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": [],
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": [],
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": null,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": [],
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware",
"/sys/devices/virtual/powercap"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/79781adb2df7cf08a30bee6c6fd4e0704a77b287c0e4ff740343211c35cce599-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5bd411d3ed71ae95f4d20704f6bb04057dae389c5371211a5fbee9a0940988c5/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/79781adb2df7cf08a30bee6c6fd4e0704a77b287c0e4ff740343211c35cce599/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/79781adb2df7cf08a30bee6c6fd4e0704a77b287c0e4ff740343211c35cce599/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/79781adb2df7cf08a30bee6c6fd4e0704a77b287c0e4ff740343211c35cce599/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "27077792d720",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo lejings;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "deb35f60f666b7f7e5cfcaf686690836a08707fbd5107126b01c48085735c6b3",
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/deb35f60f666",
"Ports": {},
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "aa07ba6a7322858d0ba87c80a67bdeb2f12a78f1575ffe7adb0bd6935c49d657",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
"DriverOpts": null,
"NetworkID": "903e049ace8d2e93714e09d69fec26d5a3d116ce540ca80e5f154a8ccb8eead3",
"EndpointID": "aa07ba6a7322858d0ba87c80a67bdeb2f12a78f1575ffe7adb0bd6935c49d657",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"DNSNames": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
# 进入容器后打开一个新的终端
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell
eg
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker exec -it 27077792d720 /bin/bash
[root@27077792d720 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@27077792d720 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 03:59 ? 00:00:01 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo lejings;sleep 1;done
root 3368 0 0 04:55 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 3394 1 0 04:56 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/s
root 3395 3368 0 04:56 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@27077792d720 /]#
#
docker attach id
#进入正在执行的终端
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker attach 27077792d720
lejings
lejings
lejings
lejings
lejings
lejings
由容器拷贝到主机
[root@43c604c94793 home]# ls
[root@43c604c94793 home]# touch test.java
[root@43c604c94793 home]# ls
test.java
[root@43c604c94793 home]# exit
exit
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~/桌面$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~/桌面$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
43c604c94793 centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) 6 seconds ago vigilant_dirac
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~/桌面$ sudo docker cp 43c604c94793:/home/test.java /home
[sudo] lejings 的密码：
Successfully copied 1.54kB to /home
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~/桌面$ cd /home
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:/home$ ls
lejings szh test.java
练习
Docker 安装 Nginx
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:/home$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
portainer/portainer-ce latest 0c03664af9ed 4 weeks ago 308MB
nginx latest 9bea9f2796e2 7 weeks ago 192MB
mysql latest 56a8c14e1404 3 months ago 603MB
hello-world latest d2c94e258dcb 20 months ago 13.3kB
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 3 years ago 231MB
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:/home$ docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 3344:80 nginx
c6376749820f8a9e7b2e45bdf392f718629eb6114f201f8e58962d4073d9e9b6
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:/home$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c6376749820f nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 0.0.0.0:3344->80/tcp, [::]:3344->80/tcp nginx01
每次更改nginx等相关文件，都要进入容器，于是提出在容器外部提供一个映射路径，达到自动修改
Docker 安装 Tomcat
官方使用说明
docker run -it --rm tomcat:9.0
即用在测试场景中，用完即删
#先下载再启动方式
测试访问响应404，证明镜像中tomcat不完整
root@ca1ad6b59e59:/usr/local/tomcat# ls
bin CONTRIBUTING.md LICENSE NOTICE RUNNING.txt webapps
BUILDING.txt filtered-KEYS logs README.md temp webapps.dist
conf lib native-jni-lib RELEASE-NOTES upstream-KEYS work
root@ca1ad6b59e59:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps
root@ca1ad6b59e59:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls
root@ca1ad6b59e59:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps#
拷贝初始文件
root@ca1ad6b59e59:/usr/local/tomcat# cp -r webapps.dist/* webapps
root@ca1ad6b59e59:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps
root@ca1ad6b59e59:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls
docs examples host-manager manager ROOT
root@ca1ad6b59e59:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps#
每次更改tomcat等相关文件，都要进入容器，于是提出在容器外部提供一个映射路径，达到自动修改
部署es+kibana
// to do 暂略
分层思想和提交自定义镜像
commit镜像
docker commit -m提交的描述信息 -a作者 容器id 目标镜像名:[TAG]
将修改后的容器修改为一个新的镜像
由此，docker算入门
容器数据卷
容器的持久化和同步操作，容器间数据共享
使用数据卷
方式一:直接使用命令来挂载 -v
docker run -it -v 主机目录:容器内目录（类似-p）
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker run -it -v /home/ceshi:/home/csUbuntu centos /bin/bash
[root@011a2b7954bc /]#
"Mounts": [
{
"Type": "bind",
"Source": "/home/ceshi",
"Destination": "/home/csUbuntu",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": "rprivate"
}
],
[root@011a2b7954bc csUbuntu]# touch test.java
[root@011a2b7954bc csUbuntu]# ls
test.java
[root@011a2b7954bc csUbuntu]#
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:/home/ceshi$ ls
test.java
lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:/home/ceshi$
测试成功
双向同步，容器停止后修改的内容会在容器再次启动时更新