### docker常用命令 ```shell docker version 版本信息 docker info 详细信息 docker 命令 -help 帮助命令 ``` #### docker帮助文档 链接： [docker | Docker Docs](https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/) #### 镜像命令 ##### docker images 查看本地镜像 ```shell lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE portainer/portainer-ce latest 0c03664af9ed 4 weeks ago 308MB hello-world latest d2c94e258dcb 20 months ago 13.3kB 仓库源 仓库的标签 镜像的id 镜像创建时间 镜像大小 -a, --all Show all images -q, --quiet Only show image IDs ``` ##### docker search 搜索网络镜像 ```shell 国内墙了、 通过ziti访问 ``` [docker网页搜索地址](https://hub.docker.com/search?q=mysql) ##### docker pull 下载镜像 ```shell lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker pull mysql Using default tag: latest 可选： 加上 ：tag 版本 ----------------------------------------------- lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker pull mysql Using default tag: latest#不写版本，默认最新版 latest: Pulling from library/mysql 2c0a233485c3: Pull complete #分层下载，docker iamge的核心 联合文件系统 cb5a6a8519b2: Pull complete 570d30cf82c5: Pull complete a841bff36f3c: Pull complete 80ba30c57782: Pull complete 5e49e1f26961: Pull complete ced670fc7f1c: Pull complete 0b9dc7ad7f03: Pull complete cd0d5df9937b: Pull complete 1f87d67b89c6: Pull complete Digest: sha256:0255b469f0135a0236d672d60e3154ae2f4538b146744966d96440318cc822c6#签名 Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest docker.io/library/mysql:latest#真实地址 #制定版本下载 lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker pull mysql:5.7 5.7: Pulling from library/mysql 20e4dcae4c69: Pull complete 1c56c3d4ce74: Pull complete e9f03a1c24ce: Pull complete 68c3898c2015: Pull complete 6b95a940e7b6: Pull complete 90986bb8de6e: Pull complete ae71319cb779: Pull complete ffc89e9dfd88: Pull complete 43d05e938198: Pull complete 064b2d298fba: Pull complete df9a4d85569b: Pull complete Digest: sha256:4bc6bc963e6d8443453676cae56536f4b8156d78bae03c0145cbe47c2aad73bb Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7 docker.io/library/mysql:5.7 #分层下载中相同层可以复用 ``` ##### docker rmi 删除镜像 ```shell lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker rmi -f mysql:5.7 Untagged: mysql:5.7 Untagged: mysql@sha256:4bc6bc963e6d8443453676cae56536f4b8156d78bae03c0145cbe47c2aad73bb Deleted: sha256:5107333e08a87b836d48ff7528b1e84b9c86781cc9f1748bbc1b8c42a870d933 Deleted: sha256:37fd5f1492d4e9cb540c52c26655f220568050438f804275e886200c8807ffb4 Deleted: sha256:1105a50d3483cb9f970e70cf5163e3352f0b2fe2ff07c6abcca6f34228e76dc5 Deleted: sha256:94187496c18bb11b78e71017f2774ad3c0a734da9749a46e917c4239504e9322 Deleted: sha256:ae59716eae3be604a4fd43e86fd2ad504cb06c89cc064c73c78eee651e675805 Deleted: sha256:97d26ca29ec287ff4bd09a49602c44cbcabcf3303ddc726b3b94cbe26dfe1c94 Deleted: sha256:27303974d12144264b32b8936ca7c90d72bdba939a9e791010201b3b1717c4c4 Deleted: sha256:4d4483f06dbe01282c10cb9e429a0be826c18c61048f7860dad49ae7f6bac927 Deleted: sha256:3b73a6f6b3298c568dcfb8fa5e96c581a1b5c0ad395b0c38f9addd0c79703124 Deleted: sha256:46446bf265a411a4a13a4adc86f60c9e0479a2e03273c98cafab7bc4151dd2bc Deleted: sha256:1d5264146b09a27a8fc6801dc239a4962582ed27dd2fbd8ee708463a1857b06b Deleted: sha256:cff044e186247f93aa52554c96d77143cc92f99b2b55914038d0941fddeb6623 # docker rmi -f 多个容器id # docker rmi -f $(docker images -a) 删除全部 ``` #### 容器命令 有镜像才能有容器 例如： 下载一个centos镜像来测试 ```shell lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker pull centos Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/centos a1d0c7532777: Pull complete Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177 Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest docker.io/library/centos:latest ``` ##### 新建容器并启动 ```shell docker run [可选参数] image #参数说明 --name="Name" 容器名字 同来区分容器 -d 后台方式运行 -it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容 -p 指定容器的端口 -p ip:主机端口:容器端口 -p 主机端口:容器端口 -p 容器端口 容器端口 -P 随机指定端口 ``` ##### 启动并进入容器测试 ```shell lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker run -it centos /bin/bash [root@297d9cb6d962 /]# ls bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr #退出命令 [root@297d9cb6d962 /]# exit exit lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ ls 公共的 视频 文档 音乐 backups01 NginxLearn snap 模板 图片 下载 桌面 log q 'Sunlogin Files' lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ ``` ##### 列出在运行的容器命令 ```shell -a 会带出历史运行过的所有容器 -n=? 显示多少个容器 -q 只显示容器的编号 lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 297d9cb6d962 centos "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 57 seconds ago sharp_ardinghelli e5f7036a4b66 portainer/portainer-ce:latest "/portainer" 19 hours ago Up 3 hours 8000/tcp, 9443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp, :::9000->9000/tcp blissful_payne lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES e5f7036a4b66 portainer/portainer-ce:latest "/portainer" 19 hours ago Up 3 hours 8000/tcp, 9443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp, :::9000->9000/tcp blissful_payne ``` ##### 退出容器 ```shell exit #停止并退出 ctrl+P+Q #不停止退出 ``` ##### 删除容器 ```shell docker rm 容器id docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) 删除所有容器 docker ps -a -q |xargs docker rm 删除所有容器 ``` ##### 启动和停止容器操作 ```shell docker start id 启动 docker restart id 重启 docker stop id 停止 docker kill id 杀死 ``` #### 常用的其他命令 ##### 后台启动容器 ```shell # 命令 docker run -d centos lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker run -d centos f682fa6dcf219cb0a922b9f143cfe247540d5db38c529b0d14a00daa5f9225da lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES e5f7036a4b66 portainer/portainer-ce:latest "/portainer" 20 hours ago Up 3 hours 8000/tcp, 9443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp, :::9000->9000/tcp blissful_payne # 问题docker ps，发现centos停止了 #坑 docker容器后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker没有发现应用，就会自动停止eg无服务的nginx ``` 查看日志 ```shell docker logs -f -t 一般都加上 docker logs -f -t --tail eg lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo lejings;sleep 1;done" 27077792d72032803ed79a74141b760182e0c5708797404202cb3360a26d1a56 lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 27077792d720 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds nervous_aryabhata e5f7036a4b66 portainer/portainer-ce:latest "/portainer" 20 hours ago Up 4 hours 8000/tcp, 9443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp, :::9000->9000/tcp blissful_payne lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker logs -tf --tail 10 27077792d720 2025-01-19T04:01:51.026673577Z lejings 2025-01-19T04:01:52.029524593Z lejings 2025-01-19T04:01:53.032214090Z lejings 2025-01-19T04:01:54.036061600Z lejings 2025-01-19T04:01:55.041148641Z lejings 2025-01-19T04:01:56.045207647Z lejings 2025-01-19T04:01:57.046315804Z lejings 2025-01-19T04:01:58.049623446Z lejings ``` ##### 查看容器中进程信息 ```shell # top命令 lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker top 27077792d720 UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 64479 64454 0 11:59 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo lejings;sleep 1;done ``` ##### 查看镜像的元数据 ``` shell lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker inspect 27077792d720 [ { "Id": "27077792d72032803ed79a74141b760182e0c5708797404202cb3360a26d1a56", "Created": "2025-01-19T03:59:39.128785938Z", "Path": "/bin/sh", "Args": [ "-c", "while true;do echo lejings;sleep 1;done" ], "State": { "Status": "running", "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 64479, "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2025-01-19T03:59:39.335663808Z", "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z" }, "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6", "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/27077792d72032803ed79a74141b760182e0c5708797404202cb3360a26d1a56/resolv.conf", "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/27077792d72032803ed79a74141b760182e0c5708797404202cb3360a26d1a56/hostname", "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/27077792d72032803ed79a74141b760182e0c5708797404202cb3360a26d1a56/hosts", "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/27077792d72032803ed79a74141b760182e0c5708797404202cb3360a26d1a56/27077792d72032803ed79a74141b760182e0c5708797404202cb3360a26d1a56-json.log", "Name": "/nervous_aryabhata", "RestartCount": 0, "Driver": "overlay2", "Platform": "linux", "MountLabel": "", "ProcessLabel": "", "AppArmorProfile": "docker-default", "ExecIDs": null, "HostConfig": { "Binds": null, "ContainerIDFile": "", "LogConfig": { "Type": "json-file", "Config": {} }, "NetworkMode": "bridge", "PortBindings": {}, "RestartPolicy": { "Name": "no", "MaximumRetryCount": 0 }, "AutoRemove": false, "VolumeDriver": "", "VolumesFrom": null, "ConsoleSize": [ 26, 112 ], "CapAdd": null, "CapDrop": null, "CgroupnsMode": "private", "Dns": [], "DnsOptions": [], "DnsSearch": [], "ExtraHosts": null, "GroupAdd": null, "IpcMode": "private", "Cgroup": "", "Links": null, "OomScoreAdj": 0, "PidMode": "", "Privileged": false, "PublishAllPorts": false, "ReadonlyRootfs": false, "SecurityOpt": null, "UTSMode": "", "UsernsMode": "", "ShmSize": 67108864, "Runtime": "runc", "Isolation": "", "CpuShares": 0, "Memory": 0, "NanoCpus": 0, "CgroupParent": "", "BlkioWeight": 0, "BlkioWeightDevice": [], "BlkioDeviceReadBps": [], "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": [], "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": [], "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": [], "CpuPeriod": 0, "CpuQuota": 0, "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0, "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0, "CpusetCpus": "", "CpusetMems": "", "Devices": [], "DeviceCgroupRules": null, "DeviceRequests": null, "MemoryReservation": 0, "MemorySwap": 0, "MemorySwappiness": null, "OomKillDisable": null, "PidsLimit": null, "Ulimits": [], "CpuCount": 0, "CpuPercent": 0, "IOMaximumIOps": 0, "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0, "MaskedPaths": [ "/proc/asound", "/proc/acpi", "/proc/kcore", "/proc/keys", "/proc/latency_stats", "/proc/timer_list", "/proc/timer_stats", "/proc/sched_debug", "/proc/scsi", "/sys/firmware", "/sys/devices/virtual/powercap" ], "ReadonlyPaths": [ "/proc/bus", "/proc/fs", "/proc/irq", "/proc/sys", "/proc/sysrq-trigger" ] }, "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/79781adb2df7cf08a30bee6c6fd4e0704a77b287c0e4ff740343211c35cce599-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5bd411d3ed71ae95f4d20704f6bb04057dae389c5371211a5fbee9a0940988c5/diff", "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/79781adb2df7cf08a30bee6c6fd4e0704a77b287c0e4ff740343211c35cce599/merged", "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/79781adb2df7cf08a30bee6c6fd4e0704a77b287c0e4ff740343211c35cce599/diff", "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/79781adb2df7cf08a30bee6c6fd4e0704a77b287c0e4ff740343211c35cce599/work" }, "Name": "overlay2" }, "Mounts": [], "Config": { "Hostname": "27077792d720", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "Tty": false, "OpenStdin": false, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [ "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" ], "Cmd": [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "while true;do echo lejings;sleep 1;done" ], "Image": "centos", "Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": null, "OnBuild": null, "Labels": { "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915", "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2", "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image", "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0", "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS" } }, "NetworkSettings": { "Bridge": "", "SandboxID": "deb35f60f666b7f7e5cfcaf686690836a08707fbd5107126b01c48085735c6b3", "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/deb35f60f666", "Ports": {}, "HairpinMode": false, "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "", "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null, "EndpointID": "aa07ba6a7322858d0ba87c80a67bdeb2f12a78f1575ffe7adb0bd6935c49d657", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03", "Networks": { "bridge": { "IPAMConfig": null, "Links": null, "Aliases": null, "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03", "DriverOpts": null, "NetworkID": "903e049ace8d2e93714e09d69fec26d5a3d116ce540ca80e5f154a8ccb8eead3", "EndpointID": "aa07ba6a7322858d0ba87c80a67bdeb2f12a78f1575ffe7adb0bd6935c49d657", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "DNSNames": null } } } } ] ``` ##### 进入当前正在运行的容器 ```shell # 进入容器后打开一个新的终端 docker exec -it 容器id bashShell eg lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker exec -it 27077792d720 /bin/bash [root@27077792d720 /]# ls bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var [root@27077792d720 /]# ps -ef UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 1 0 0 03:59 ? 00:00:01 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo lejings;sleep 1;done root 3368 0 0 04:55 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash root 3394 1 0 04:56 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/s root 3395 3368 0 04:56 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef [root@27077792d720 /]# # docker attach id #进入正在执行的终端 lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker attach 27077792d720 lejings lejings lejings lejings lejings lejings ``` ##### 由容器拷贝到主机 ```shell [root@43c604c94793 home]# ls [root@43c604c94793 home]# touch test.java [root@43c604c94793 home]# ls test.java [root@43c604c94793 home]# exit exit lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~/桌面$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~/桌面$ docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 43c604c94793 centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) 6 seconds ago vigilant_dirac lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~/桌面$ sudo docker cp 43c604c94793:/home/test.java /home [sudo] lejings 的密码： Successfully copied 1.54kB to /home lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~/桌面$ cd /home lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:/home$ ls lejings szh test.java ``` #### 练习 > Docker 安装 Nginx ```shell lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:/home$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE portainer/portainer-ce latest 0c03664af9ed 4 weeks ago 308MB nginx latest 9bea9f2796e2 7 weeks ago 192MB mysql latest 56a8c14e1404 3 months ago 603MB hello-world latest d2c94e258dcb 20 months ago 13.3kB centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 3 years ago 231MB lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:/home$ docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 3344:80 nginx c6376749820f8a9e7b2e45bdf392f718629eb6114f201f8e58962d4073d9e9b6 lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:/home$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c6376749820f nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 0.0.0.0:3344->80/tcp, [::]:3344->80/tcp nginx01 ``` 每次更改nginx等相关文件，都要进入容器，于是提出在容器外部提供一个映射路径，达到自动修改 > Docker 安装 Tomcat 官方使用说明 ```shell docker run -it --rm tomcat:9.0 即用在测试场景中，用完即删 #先下载再启动方式 测试访问响应404，证明镜像中tomcat不完整 root@ca1ad6b59e59:/usr/local/tomcat# ls bin CONTRIBUTING.md LICENSE NOTICE RUNNING.txt webapps BUILDING.txt filtered-KEYS logs README.md temp webapps.dist conf lib native-jni-lib RELEASE-NOTES upstream-KEYS work root@ca1ad6b59e59:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps root@ca1ad6b59e59:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls root@ca1ad6b59e59:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# 拷贝初始文件 root@ca1ad6b59e59:/usr/local/tomcat# cp -r webapps.dist/* webapps root@ca1ad6b59e59:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps root@ca1ad6b59e59:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls docs examples host-manager manager ROOT root@ca1ad6b59e59:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ``` 每次更改tomcat等相关文件，都要进入容器，于是提出在容器外部提供一个映射路径，达到自动修改 > 部署es+kibana // to do 暂略 #### 分层思想和提交自定义镜像 ##### commit镜像 ```shell docker commit -m提交的描述信息 -a作者 容器id 目标镜像名:[TAG] ``` 将修改后的容器修改为一个新的镜像 由此，docker算入门 ### 容器数据卷 容器的持久化和同步操作，容器间数据共享 #### 使用数据卷 >方式一:直接使用命令来挂载 -v ``` shell docker run -it -v 主机目录:容器内目录（类似-p） ``` ```shell lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker run -it -v /home/ceshi:/home/csUbuntu centos /bin/bash [root@011a2b7954bc /]# "Mounts": [ { "Type": "bind", "Source": "/home/ceshi", "Destination": "/home/csUbuntu", "Mode": "", "RW": true, "Propagation": "rprivate" } ], [root@011a2b7954bc csUbuntu]# touch test.java [root@011a2b7954bc csUbuntu]# ls test.java [root@011a2b7954bc csUbuntu]# lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:/home/ceshi$ ls test.java lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:/home/ceshi$ 测试成功 双向同步，容器停止后修改的内容会在容器再次启动时更新（其实是宿主机的物理地址共享） ``` #### 实战Mysql同步数据 ```shell # 拉取 lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker pull mysql:5.7 # 启动 lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker run -d -p 3310:3306 -v /home/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /home/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql01 mysql:5.7 c686996e4cdb406b533fd6ea496f007100bd777485b715c816b92da2d689a2ec lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ ``` 连接成功 image-20250123204254091 #### 具名挂载和匿名挂载 ```shell # 匿名挂载 -v 容器内路径 docker run -d -p --name nginx01 -v /etc/nginx # 具名挂载 lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker run -d -P --name nginx02 -v juming-nainx:/etc/nginx nginx 0561158ddf35d3bc289d8a81f06cded29252f646a9ddbd168f9f54454e269d1b # 容器一览 lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker volume ls DRIVER VOLUME NAME local a4726a89648712bb6c551219604a51cd75324630abfd36acf570d36fbc7a7617 local juming-nainx # 查看卷 Last login: Fri Jan 24 13:17:36 2025 from 192.168.5.8 lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~$ docker volume inspect juming-nainx [ { "CreatedAt": "2025-01-23T21:12:52+08:00", "Driver": "local", "Labels": null, "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/juming-nainx/_data", "Name": "juming-nainx", "Options": null, "Scope": "local" } ] # docker文件查看 root@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:/home/lejings# cd /var/lib/docker root@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:/var/lib/docker# ls buildkit containers engine-id image network overlay2 plugins runtimes swarm tmp volumes root@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:/var/lib/docker/volumes# ls a4726a89648712bb6c551219604a51cd75324630abfd36acf570d36fbc7a7617 backingFsBlockDev juming-nainx metadata.db root@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:/var/lib/docker/volumes# ``` 通过具名挂载，可以方便快捷的找到卷 ```shell # 格式 -v 容器内路径 匿名挂载 -v 卷名:容器内路径 具名挂载 -v /宿主机路径:容器内路径 指定路径挂载 ``` 拓展： ```shell # 加上ro和rw更改读写权限，只读和可读可写 # 一旦设定了权限，容器对我们挂载出来的内容就有限定了 docker run ··· -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx:ro nginx docker run ··· -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx:rw nginx # ro 只要看到就说明容器内部无法操作，相对的文件只能从宿主机更改 ``` ##### 初识DockerFile 用来构建docker镜像的构建文件 是一段命令脚本 > 构建镜像方式二： 通过脚本可以生成一些镜像,镜像是一层一层的,脚本一个个的命令,每个命令都是一层 ``` shell # 测试 FORM centos VOLUME ["volume01","volume02'] CMD echo "-------end--------" CMD /bin/bash lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~/docker-test-volume$ docker build -f dockerfile1 -t lejings/centos:1.0 . [+] Building 0.2s (5/5) FINISHED docker:default => [internal] load build definition from dockerfile1 0.0s => => transferring dockerfile: 127B 0.0s => WARN: JSONArgsRecommended: JSON arguments recommended for CMD to prevent unintende 0.0s => WARN: MultipleInstructionsDisallowed: Multiple CMD instructions should not be used 0.0s => WARN: JSONArgsRecommended: JSON arguments recommended for CMD to prevent unintende 0.0s => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/centos:latest 0.0s => [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s => => transferring context: 2B 0.0s => [1/1] FROM docker.io/library/centos:latest 0.0s => exporting to image 0.0s => => exporting layers 0.0s => => writing image sha256:139a93fd25c3b9efea4c67e8e980f34854181221323fec582204a1df00 0.0s => => naming to docker.io/lejings/centos:1.0 0.0s 3 warnings found (use docker --debug to expand): - JSONArgsRecommended: JSON arguments recommended for CMD to prevent unintended behavior related to OS signals (line 5) - MultipleInstructionsDisallowed: Multiple CMD instructions should not be used in the same stage because only the last one will be used (line 5) - JSONArgsRecommended: JSON arguments recommended for CMD to prevent unintended behavior related to OS signals (line 6) lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~/docker-test-volume$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE tomcat-lejings-01 latest c00d1bfef336 9 days ago 474MB tomcat latest f7737eeed429 3 weeks ago 468MB tomcat 9.0 f05fe3cd4f92 3 weeks ago 470MB redis latest 4075a3f8c3f8 3 weeks ago 117MB portainer/portainer-ce latest 0c03664af9ed 6 weeks ago 308MB nginx latest 9bea9f2796e2 2 months ago 192MB mysql latest 56a8c14e1404 3 months ago 603MB mysql 5.7 5107333e08a8 13 months ago 501MB hello-world latest d2c94e258dcb 21 months ago 13.3kB lejings/centos 1.0 139a93fd25c3 3 years ago 231MB centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 3 years ago 231MB # 生成镜像时自动挂载的目录 lejings@ljs-Ubuntu-desktop:~/docker-test-volume$ docker run -it 139a93fd25c3 /bin/bash [root@e8b90b982a6e /]# ls -l total 56 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 3 2020 bin -> usr/bin drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 360 Jan 31 09:17 dev drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Jan 31 09:17 etc drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 2020 home lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 3 2020 lib -> usr/lib lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 3 2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64 drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Sep 15 2021 lost+found drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 2020 media drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 2020 mnt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 2020 opt dr-xr-xr-x 367 root root 0 Jan 31 09:17 proc dr-xr-x--- 2 root root 4096 Sep 15 2021 root drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Sep 15 2021 run lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Nov 3 2020 sbin -> usr/sbin drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 2020 srv dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 Jan 31 09:17 sys drwxrwxrwt 7 root root 4096 Sep 15 2021 tmp drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Sep 15 2021 usr drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 4096 Sep 15 2021 var drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 31 09:17 volume01 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 31 09:17 volume02 ``` ​